2018
GOOGLE - PRIVACY - Google may track your location even if you disable Location tracking - gHacks Tech News
There is a way to disable the saving of data. Users need to point their browsers to Google's Activity Controls web page.
There they may turn off Web / App Activity, and Location History.
Note that disabling the features may result in functionality loss; some Google services may provide less-personalized results when you pause the two features.
Tip: You can pause all sorts of activity recorders on the site including the YouTube Watch and Search History as well. Check out our overview of Google's Activity Controls here.
Pausing Web & App Activity, and Location History seems to be the only way that prevents Google from recording location-based information.
2014
GOOGLE - Create a Google Account Without a Gmail Address
It's interesting to notice that the only Google service that uses the new form and lets you use your own email address is Google Drive. You just click "I prefer to use my current email address" and skip creating a Gmail account. Here's the link to this version of the form: https://accounts.google.com/SignUpWithoutGmail.
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